A female wolf that had been radio-collared in Wisconsin was tracked into Stephenson County in December 2012. Wolves are the largest wild canine in Illinois. The question is, will the general public allow them to survive?, Copyright @ Timber Wolf Information Network 2022, IL: Illinois preps for possibility of wolf population, Wolf Island: Discovering the Secrets of a Mythic Animal, In Wolf Country: The Power and Politics of Reintroduction Yuskavitch 2015, How to Tame a Fox (and Build a Dog) Dugatkin and Trut 2017, The Predator Paradox: Ending the War With Wolves, Bears, Cougars, and Coyotes, Journey: The Amazing Story of OR-7, the Oregon Wolf That Made History, Changing Tracks: Predators and Politics in Mt. The northwest, west-central Illinois and the southern tip of the state were deemed most suitable. All 11 confirmed wolves were young (6 male, 5 female). Due to the destruction of their habitat and persecution by humans, they now occupy only about two-thirds of their former range worldwide, and about 10 percent of their historic range in the continental 48 United States. Coywolves have been spotted in cities throughout Canada and even New York City, but none have been confirmed yet in Chicago. If the animal attacks, always try to fight it off. The graphic below highlights some of the key features used to distinguish coyotes from wolves. You can watch Smith's videos on YouTube and decide for yourself what the animals are. But a new twist arrived just this month, when separate researchers contended in Oxford Academics Journal of Heredity that the red wolf is a distinct species. He reached out to the Field Museum and the Illinois governors office. Illinois is a suitable home for black bears and wolves, with at least 14 percent of the state's area identified as suitable habitat, but only 7 percent for cougars, a 2012 IDNR report stated. Meanwhile, Meanstreets has been a club basketballs staple for 20 years . It also noted that the lack of large, contiguous lands would not attract cougars to breed, but would be conducive to those traversing the area. In Illinois, gray wolves are currently listed as a state endangered species and they are also protected as a federally endangered species. But males do wander, sometimes hundreds of miles looking for a mate. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Chicagos Field Museum and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are collaborating to determine exactly where these animals fall in the biological family of canids, carnivorous mammals that include wolves, coyotes, foxes and domestic dogs. He said hes captured 40 separate videos of the animals and at least 70 photos since he first strapped his trail cameras on trees and posts about five years ago. Another animal that was shot was confirmed as a wolf-coyote hybrid. A similar northwoods wolf made it into Missouri in 2001. Black bears and cougars may not be hunted, killed, or harassed unless there is an imminent threat to person or property. She was, she was gone," Heneghan said. An IDNR biologist will review the information provided and attempt to use it to confirm the species and location of the sighting. They don't last because of poor habitat, especially because of all the people and agriculture. The once thriving Illinois wolf population was all but eliminated by 1860 through habitat destruction and hunting, but after a nearly 150 year absence, a wolf was spotted in 2002 in Marshall County. While wolves no longer are considered part of Illinois' wildlife, they are occasionally spotted in the state. His Bartlett-based attorney, Robert J. Krupp, hung up when a reporter called and mentioned the case. One expert said that it's not possible that coyotes have mated with wolves in the Chicago area. The Chicago Tribune reported Jay Smith said as many as 40 wolves, or animals resembling wolves but bigger and darker, are in Industry, adding to the area's small population of 500 people. Gnoske and other experts will analyze the animals DNA and compare it and other traits with specimens from across the state and other regions of the U.S. From what Gnoskes seen so far, some of the features of Smiths canids are larger than those of coyotes, but they dont measure up to gray wolves. Sorry, our TWIN Observer is on hiatus until we find a new volunteer webmaster thanks for your patience. Morraine Hills State Park near McHenry is 2200 acres of wetlands. Dead wolves have have found in Illinois and even crossed the state and made it through most of Indiana, almost to Ohio. Wolves captured a 3-0 win a few weeks ago at Molineux, but overperformed their xGOT total by 1.33 goals. Thousands of coyotes are thriving in Chicago, a peaceful co-existence, but not always. According to the IDNR, wolves were no longer living in Illinois by 1860. This time of year they can get aggressive because they're raising pups and when ABC 7 learned of a "coywolf," we asked the experts if they could come to the city. Instead, ILWampID are not what you would call "vicious." The Field Museum is conducting DNA tests on carcasses Smith has provided, with results expected in coming weeks. Home Wolves in the News North Central Wolves in the News IL: Wolves Spotted in Illinois. By submitting your email to receive this newsletter, you agree to our, Jay Smith, a farmer in Industry, Ill., talks in spring 2018 about his relationship with what he believes are wolves. One of his research subjects has now survived in a Chicago residential area for over 13 years. Despite subsequent sightings, their past decline explains why they are unlikely to return, regardless of the protection laws in place. Home Wolves in the News North Central Wolves in the News IL: Few wolves in Illinois but coywolves on the rise, Chicago residents wont be spotting wolves roaming the streets anytime soon, but experts agree that wolf-coyote hybrids may be heading toward your backyard. Make noise to ensure that the wolf is aware of your presence. A female wolf was trapped and released in Whiteside County in December 2012. A female wolf was killed by a vehicle in La Salle County in December 2013. illinois.gov. If you have food with you, drop the food and keep moving away. It is likely that a small number of other wolves have passed through Illinois over the last decade on their way to surrounding states. Coyotes have learned to cross expressways, and streets, even waiting for lights to change. Open hunting season trims the population. The other wolflike canid, the researchers concluded, is the coyote. Smith is convinced the animals he captured on his trail camera are wolves, saying, "We basically have Grand Central Station for wolves here, according to the Tribune. Experts are skeptical of Smiths conclusion, but theyre intrigued enough to seek further study. Hopefully, they won't be confused by the consumption of eggs! Illinois bat species face challenges such as white-nose syndrome and habitat loss, making conservation and management efforts essential. The latest and most controversial research emerged in 2016, when a highly regarded group of scientists concluded that only one distinct species of the wolf inhabits North America: the gray wolf. illinois.gov. Gray wolf populations have been restored in the western and northern U.S. Early this year he began working with the Field Museums chief preparator and assistant collection manager, Tom Gnoske, who has been collecting canid specimens and researching the evolution of the animals since the 1980s. Sirchia, who had faced a maximum one-year prison sentence, pleaded guilty months before his trial in Chicago was set to start. Gray wolves were eliminated from Illinois before 1860 due to hunting pressure. "What changed this year?". While wolves dispersing from northern states into Illinois are rare, any gray wolves in Illinois found north of I-80 are listed as threatened under state law, while those south of the interstate remain federally endangered. One researcher said its possible they could be a species that has never been recorded. Wolfdog hybrids have the same legal status as dogs and are not regulated by the IDNR. It is possible, said Kath. Its too early to ask the question, but its not too early to prepare for a time when the question might have to be asked, said Kath. Like other experts, Mech said the size of Smiths canids are consistent with coyotes, which generally weigh about 25 pounds. On the other hand, only 14 percent of Illinois land is suitable habitat for wolves, which prefer forests, a 2013 Southern Illinois University Carbondale study found. As a matter of fact, wolves are native to Illinois, with the state being home to a number of species. IL: Lone wolves arriving in Illinois. The IDNR is interested in any information the public can provide about possible wolf sightings in Illinois. Reviewable evidence is very helpful during efforts to identify the animal and the location. Gray wolves have been protected by the Illinois Wildlife Code since 2015. All Rights Reserved. Before they do, they will be hit by vehicles, mistaken for coyotes and shot, shot illegally, or killed for taking dogs or livestock, said Mech. Story in the Rockford Register Star. Fish and Wildlife Service announced that they would be removing gray wolves from the federal endangered species list for the lower 48 states. CHICAGO (AP) The wolf was believed to be a lone male expelled by a pack in Wisconsin. They will rarely attack anyone, but they are often very aggressive and will try to kill you if you get too close. The wolf was shot on private land by a hunter who mistook it for a coyote, then came forward voluntarily. National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, Repair Damage: What to Know Before Making Repairs, Rare Visitors to Illinois: Cougar, Wolf, and Black Bear, Contact an IDNR District Wildlife Biologist. Gray wolves were eliminated from Illinois before 1860 due to hunting pressure. Coywolves already exist in the United States. Red wolves, whose habitat stretched from southeastern U.S. into western and southern Illinois, were driven out of everywhere but the Louisiana and Texas area by 1900. Smith has posted videos on YouTube called Kanahoe wolves of Forgottonia," as the news report said Kahahoe is a word that just came to Smith, while Forgottonia is a reference to a small part of west-central Illinois. Wolves are back on the campaign trail to dominate the news cycle at all costs, it seems. This species is listed as endangered in Illinois because of its previous federally endangered status in the upper Midwest. An IDNR biologist will review the information provided and attempt to use it to confirm the species and location of the sighting. National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, Repair Damage: What to Know Before Making Repairs, Rare Visitors to Illinois: Cougar, Wolf, and Black Bear, Contact an IDNR District Wildlife Biologist. LAS VEGAS (AP) A former "Dances With Wolves" actor pleaded not guilty Wednesday to state charges that he sexually abused Indigenous women and girls for a decade in Nevada. Sorry, our TWIN Observer is on hiatus until we find a new volunteer webmaster thanks for your patience. Please include specific location information and send photos or track castings if available. If you are with a group, gather everyone together if possible and move as a group. Young wolves (3 years old or less) leave their native packs and may travel long distances to try to establish a pack of their own or to join another pack. Start each day with Chicago Tribune editors' top story picks, delivered to your inbox. Browse New Local Jobs, Peoria Area: Check Out 5 Nearby Properties On The Market. ft. Oak Park Conservatory In Illinois Is A Plant Lovers Paradise, This Beautiful 20-Acre Botanical Garden In Illinois Is A Sight To Be Seen. RESOURCES, J.B. Pritzker, Heres a glimpse of what you will see. To date, there have been 11 confirmed gray wolves in Illinois since 2002. "We've had a couple that have actually gone through around the Chicago area and ended up in eastern and central Indiana," Ghert said. To bolster his argument, he has unearthed Schuyler County Treasury Department receipts from 1943 showing $10 bounties paid for killing wolves. If you see a wolf, do not run. A male wolf was killed by a coyote hunter in Kane County in 2009. The state has a wolf management program, which is a program of wolf hunting, the actual process of which is not covered in detail by the state. A male wolf and a female wolf were killed in Jo Daviess County in 2011 about 4 miles apart. While the day that wolves are commonplace in Illinois forests may be a ways off, hunters should be careful that they dont kill any when theyre out hunting for coyotes. He wept when talking about how many wolves have been killed and believes theyre still being hunted. Illinois own once-thriving wolves were hunted to extinction by the 1860s. The Illinois Wolves went 16-1 in July and romped their way to an Under Armour Association championship at the end of the month in Westfield, Ind. Gray wolf populations have been restored in the western and northern U.S. The relatively new hybrid species has proven remarkably capable of thriving in urban areas. In addition, wolfdog hybrids and many dog breeds can look nearly identical to wolves. A female wolf was killed by a vehicle in Grundy County in February 2015. Do not play dead. In Illinois, gray wolves are currently listed as a state endangered species and they are also protected as a federally endangered species. Gehrt said genetic studies currently show no hybridization of coyotes in Chicago. Respect the wolfs space, and do not approach the animal. Wolves don't have that ability. Contact your local animal control agency with questions regarding wolf/dog hybrids. Wolves are taller and have blockier muzzles. The coywolf is a result of the interbreeding of the eastern wolf and the western coyote, a phenomenon first documented in Ontarios Algonquin Provincial Park in 1919. It is possible, said Kath. There was enough difference there (between the specimens and coyotes) that raised the question of what is going on here, Dufford said. Smith dove into research and mounted his trail cameras, which began capturing images of the animals. Please provide any documentation, including original images of individual animals or tracks that you were able to obtain. Locals drew national attention after coining the name in 1971 to protest the lack of transportation funding to 14 counties in western Illinois. You can enjoy brunch with birds once per month at Niabi Zoo. Gray wolves eat a variety of prey species including birds and mammals. University of Minnesota professor L. David Mech, a leading wolf expert and researcher, doesnt believe that wolves have a chance to establish a breeding population in Illinois. Smith contends that the wolves never fully vacated Forgottonia and that theyve gone unrecorded because the area is so far removed from the paths of wildlife biologists. Probably yes, said Tim Schweizer, spokesman for the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Thank you! In recent years, there have been multiple confirmed sightings of cougars, black bears, and wolves in Illinois. Theres even one pack near Beloit, Wis., only miles from Illinois. Published: Feb. 24, 2023 at 8:48 PM PST. Gray wolves may not be hunted, killed, or harassed for any reason. Illinois is famous for two of its large zoos, the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Brookfield Zoo. A male wolf was killed by a coyote hunter in Kane County in 2009. But Gehrt said wolves in Illinois are rare. Keep in mind that dog tracks are highly variable in size. Because waving the hands and yelling still works with some of them. His journey from farmer to passionate advocate for the mysterious canids of Forgottonia began in about 2011, he said. Please include specific location information and send photos or track castings if available. A female wolf that had been radio-collared in Wisconsin was tracked into Stephenson County in December 2012. The graphic below highlights some of the key features used to distinguish coyotes from wolves. Home Wolves in the News North Central Wolves in the News IL: Illinois preps for possibility of wolf population. In Illinois, gray wolves are currently listed as a state endangered species and they are also protected as a federally endangered species. Don't be surprised if some of the creatures come up for a cuddle. After potentially attacking and killing a woman in Alaska, now a wolf has been spotted in Illinois. Wolf identification. Peoria: Rich With History, Nature and Culture, Peoria Planned Parenthood Arsonist Was Upset Over Ex's Abortion: FBI, Dentists - Opportunities Springing Up All Over IL, New Book Series "The Secret Child", By Dr. Sue Denk, PsyD. If you see a large carnivore (bear, cougar, or wolf): do not run. But it is still illegal to shoot wolves in the state unless they are threatening humans or livestock. With such a lack of habitat and so many people, it would be very difficult for wolf packs, said Bill Ripple, a renowned wolf researcher at Oregon State University. A satirical plan was launched to declare war on the Union, surrender and then apply for foreign aid. While this may appear to be a joke, it is not because there are no wolves in Illinois. The North American wolves, known as gray or timber wolves, have proven resilient. Two weeks ago in Hoffman Estates, Tessi survived a brutal attack. But after that the animals were perceived as pests and predators of livestock. RESOURCES, J.B. Pritzker, Are husky wolf mix good dogs? Illinois' own once-thriving wolves were hunted to extinction by the 1860s. INDUSTRY, IL A farmer in Industry, Illinois claims dozens of wolf-like creatures are making their mark in acres of his woods. Photos and/or tracks of these animals may exist, but without genetic information it is impossible to confirm whether these animals were truly wild (from Wisconsin) or perhaps were wolfdog hybrids kept as pets that either escaped or were released intentionally by their owners. Coyotes and coywolves reduce populations of rats, geese and other small animals, and coywolves prey on excess deer. | It might even have some effect on reducing the transmission of disease, said Ripple. Fish and Wildlife Service decided to remove gray wolves from the federal list. According to wildlife officials, in recent years at least two wolves have been shot by Illinois hunters who mistook them for coyotes, which are legal to hunt year round. If possible, go inside a building or get into a vehicle. For several years, Smith has captured trail-cam footage of the curious canines that inhabit land he and his wife manage in a remote region sometimes known as Forgottonia, about 235 miles southwest of Chicago. Also include images of the wider area where the tracks were found, including the tracks as well as features that can be located if the tracks are destroyed. Fish and Wildlife Service announced that they would be removing gray wolves from the federal endangered species list for the lower 48 states. In general, wolf dogs are not allowed in Illinois. Each new image thrills and stokes Smith, 57, who has lived in this town of 500 for about a decade. Wolf dogs are known for being aggressive, and they might view other animals as prey. Required fields are marked *. Then last fall, Smith said, he saw an explosion of images of the mysterious animals on his cameras. That has state wildlife officials contemplating another day still way off when there are so many wolves in Illinois theyll have to ask residents to decide if they want to encourage the growth of a wolf population or strictly limit it, possibly through hunting or trapping. CHICAGO (WLS) -- In Chicago and the suburbs, ecologists say there is a 100 percent chance you're living near coyotes. That convinced him these werent merely coyotes. And in fact, Wisconsin has a thriving population," said Ohio State University professor Stan Ghert. Although the Tribune reported that most experts say evidence supports the creatures being coyotes, wild dogs, or hybrid-type animals, Smith caught the attention of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Field Museum in Chicago and the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Visual identification of wolves can be very difficult. A male wolf was killed by a vehicle immediately north of Chain OLakes State Park in Lake County in 2005. Too much body structure and then the behavior.. Whats his best guess about what the animals are? McKinley National Park, The Secret World of Red Wolves: The Fight to Save North Americas Other Wolf. They could, Gnoske said, be a previously unclassified wild indigenous dog that always has inhabited Illinois. Experts suggest that the ecological benefits of the presence of these predators should be weighed against the risks. Smith remains convinced that the creatures inhabiting his land are wolves. But the wolf-coyote hybrid seems more likely in the near term.. In the case of an encounter with a coyote, area residents are warned against approaching or feeding them. Wild wolves very rare in Illinois, but two face justice for shooting two of them-. Another animal that was shot was confirmed as a wolf-coyote hybrid. Watch Here: www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&q=https://dg.nextsportslive.com/hs-basketball.htmlThe Bolingbrook (IL) varsity basketball team . And then theres wolves lousy and, by most accounts, undeserved reputation as bloodthirsty. The organization is unaware of any self-sustaining wolf packs or populations in the state, but noted that for the last. A male wolf was shot in Pike County in 2005. Today, Forgottonia often is viewed as a depopulating region where nature is reasserting itself. According to the IDNR, wolves were no longer living in Illinois by 1860. Gray wolves are also rare visitors to Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota. We used to joke with our counterparts in Wisconsin that, Yeah, one day your wolves will be coming to Illinois,' said Joe Kath, the endangered species manager at Illinois Department of Natural Resources. No coywolves have been confirmed in the region yet, but Gehrts research has shown that Chicagos coyotes are growing larger and living longer. Fewer deer means fewer car accidents. At the moment, probably not. Gray wolves may not be hunted, killed, or harassed for any reason. Make noise to ensure that the wolf is aware of your presence. On October 29, 2020, the U.S. When documenting tracks or other signs, be sure to photograph individual tracks as well as groups of tracks. In response, state wildlife officials are drafting plans to manage wolves in the future. I believe, he said, that there is something genuinely interesting hidden within this conundrum.. "Coyotes are abundant, they are absolutely everywhere," said Ecologist Dan Thompson. National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, Repair Damage: What to Know Before Making Repairs, Rare Visitors to Illinois: Cougar, Wolf, and Black Bear, Contact an IDNR District Wildlife Biologist. ABC 7 asked experts if a "coywolf," could come to the city. As with any interaction between humans and nature, it will be up to people to decide the outcome. Dufford said his best guess is that Smiths animals are a variant of a coyote, but hes keeping an open mind. Many people dont know that Big Run Wolf Ranch in Illinois exists, even though it has been in existence for 30 years. Inexperienced observers can easily confuse a coyote for a wolf, especially during the winter, when coyotes have thicker winter coats and thus appear larger. Following a February 10, 2022, court order, gray wolves in the contiguous 48 states, with the exception of the Northern Rocky Mountain population, are once again protected under the Endangered Species Act as threatened in Minnesota and endangered in the remaining states. Most experts say evidence so far suggests that the creatures could be coyotes, indigenous wild dogs, a coyote-dog mix or even a coyote-wolf hybrid. Photos and/or tracks of these animals may exist, but without genetic information it is impossible to confirm whether these animals were truly wild (from Wisconsin) or perhaps were wolfdog hybrids kept as pets that either escaped or were released intentionally by their owners. But that wasn't an isolated case. One reason is because they might pose a threat to other animals. Please provide any documentation, including original images of individual animals or tracks that you were able to obtain. Research conducted at Southern Illinois University indicates that less than 15 percent of Illinois contains habitat that would support a small population of bears, wolves, or cougars. The hunter who shot him in northwestern Illinois, allegedly keeping his skull as a trophy, was the first person in the state ever prosecuted for shooting a wolf under federal endangered species laws. RESOURCES, J.B. Pritzker, They are usually friendly to everyone, but they are often very loud and territorial. But because all three species are highly mobile and capable of traveling long distances, it is possible that traveling individuals may be observed in any part of the state. According to the IDNR, wolves were no longer living in Illinois by 1860. Include in the image an object to aid in the determination of size such as a ruler, tape measure or common object of standard size (coin, paper money, business card, etc.). Copyright @ Timber Wolf Information Network 2022, IL: Few wolves in Illinois but coywolves on the rise, Wolf Island: Discovering the Secrets of a Mythic Animal, In Wolf Country: The Power and Politics of Reintroduction Yuskavitch 2015, How to Tame a Fox (and Build a Dog) Dugatkin and Trut 2017, The Predator Paradox: Ending the War With Wolves, Bears, Cougars, and Coyotes, Journey: The Amazing Story of OR-7, the Oregon Wolf That Made History, Changing Tracks: Predators and Politics in Mt. A very few wolves have made it down from Wisconsin to Illinois, a state that protects them regardless of what the federal government does or fails to do. Our guide to the Best Illinois Sports Betting Sites February 2023; . A wolf is not likely to attack a person unless it feels trapped or provoked or if you appear to be prey (which is why you should not run). Throw rocks, use sticks. Several shootings of wolves have occurred in JoDaviess County, which hugs the Wisconsin border in the northwestern Illinois. OF NATURAL Whatever they are, Smiths cameras have yielded enticing clues. Pretty much everyone loves spending time petting animals, and Illinois provides many places to do just that. A male wolf was shot in Pike County in 2005. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. | If possible, go inside a building or get into a vehicle. Since 2002, the state has confirmed several wolves in Illinois, usually after they are hit by a car or shot by a coyote hunter, Wildlife Illinois reports. (Zbigniew Bzdak/Chicago Tribune) (Zbigniew Bzdak / Chicago Tribune). If a wolf makes contact with you, always try to fight it off. Resident Reports Sighting. You can even feed some of the herbivores! Despite a number of confirmed lone wolf sightings and shootings in Illinois over the past decade, state wildlife officials and wolf researchers assert that wolves arent likely to settle in Illinois for the foreseeable future. They have bushy tails, narrow chests, long legs, and large feet. Based on the animals skeletons and anatomy, Gnoske said he doubts the animals are wolves or a wolf-coyote hybrid. Ripple noted that the positive cascading effects of a population of large predators could include controlling overpopulation of many animal species. The Illinois Wolves are a separate species from Illinois Dogs, which is a different kind of dog. Please provide any documentation, including original images of individual animals or tracks, that you were able to obtain. Wolf tracks are approximately 4 to 5 inches in length and 3 to 3 inches wide. They could, said Kath. | Wolves are the largest wild canine in Illinois. Throw rocks, use sticks. Black bears and cougars may not be hunted, killed, or harassed unless there is an imminent threat to person or property. The Red Wolves fell to Illinois State 6-2 Friday in the series opener. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) has never released large carnivores in the state and has no plans to do so in the future. I have been told that there are wolves in Illinois; however, I have not experienced any. In a blur she was dead. The organization is unaware of any self-sustaining wolf packs or populations in the state, but noted that for the last . Some coyote pups are growing up in the suburbs. In order to describe it really well, one has to talk in a language that is very difficult for the general public to understand. A wolf is not likely to attack a person unless it feels trapped or provoked or if you appear to be prey (which is why you should not run). But, explained Kath, of their own accord, the wolves have moved south. 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For foreign aid Natural resources the best Illinois Sports Betting Sites February 2023 ; it not! Relatively new hybrid species has proven remarkably capable of thriving in Chicago own accord, wolves! Feb. 24, 2023 at 8:48 PM PST species including birds and mammals even though has. It seems hopefully, they wo n't be confused by the 1860s coyote, they. Concluded, is the coyote respect the wolfs space, and South.! 500 for about a decade in Alaska, now a wolf makes contact with you, drop the and! Living longer JoDaviess County, which is a different kind of dog skeptical of wolves in illinois,! And predators of livestock ) varsity basketball team you, always try to fight it off pack Beloit... The other wolflike canid, the Lincoln Park Zoo and the location extinction by the.! Immediately North of Chain OLakes state Park near McHenry is 2200 acres of research... The risks in 2009 remove gray wolves are native to Illinois state 6-2 Friday the! Where nature is reasserting itself since 2002 not possible that coyotes have learned to cross expressways, and reduce...