josh smith forged in fire

Meyer came to blacksmithing obliquely around seven years ago. They could be asked to make an obscure pattern of Damascus theyve never done before and lose because of that. Do the contestants on Forged in Fire get to keep the weapons they make? Contract Creative Services Josh and his wife Jessica live on a beautiful piece of property near the Clark Fork river. What happens to all the knives on Forged in Fire? It satisfied.. Introduction: My name is Rueben Jacobs, I am a cooperative, beautiful, kind, comfortable, glamorous, open, magnificent person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you. He had always considered himself an artist, or at least someone who enjoyed working with his hands, but his blacksmithing skill metamorphosed out of a simple desire to grow closer to a brother that had already adopted the trade. 29. Forged in Fire is a United States based show. Finally, one of the last things thats really awesome about the Josh A. Weston Blacksmith knife? Is J Neilson still on Forged in Fire 2022? The show is filmed in New York which has very strict weapons laws. Hes looking for new faces in familiar objects. In 2002 Josh moved to Frenchtown, Montana where he now calls home. My name is Josh Smith and I am the president and founder of Montana Knife Company. The contestants are given specific instructions to forge historical edged weapons, and the one that succeeds in impressing the judges wins $10,000. Other times, Meyer looks to test the limits of his creativity by re-imaging form and function. When Season 8 of Forged in Fire began airing on the History Channel earlier this year, fans were upset to see the show's original host Wil Willis had been replaced. Proudly created with Wix.com. Proudly created with Wix.com. Winner of the TV Show Forged in Fire, Episode 23 of Season 7 - The Chinese Zhanmadao! I've had the pleasure of working with Weber Shandwick, Delucchi+, IMRE, TBA Global, Freeman XP, Webbmason Marketing, Ally Bank, Lippe Taylor and Noble Mouse. The combination of cameras, clocks and competition engulfed Meyer and forced him to transform all he had learned about the process of blacksmithing. Abbott would replace Neilson in some episodes during the fifth and sixth seasons. The more I learned and the further I dug in the more my interest grew. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Each knife is examined closely to ensure the knife is made to the highest standard of craftsmanship. Joshua Meyer has a selection of knives forged in his studio as an example of just one type of work he does. There are episodes in which the runner up produced a finale weapon far superior as compared to a winner in another episode. He enjoys making knives out of railroad ties and turning scrap metal into furniture (which can be found at Flagstaffs Dark Sky Brewing). I handled several large accounts for the agency including the Town of Mount Pleasant, Frisch's Big Boy and Seacoast Church as well as some smaller projects like ATLATL Software and Jiffy Lube. 36. I returned to Forged in Fire in 2016 for a champions round and placed second this time with a bullet-splitting Scottish Claymore. How many hours a day can Forged in Fire contestants work? -Elbert Hubbard. Highly polished Damascus! The program places four competitors in three elimination rounds to forge bladed weapons. We think spending ten hours grinding any knife will result in at least a couple of hot spots.. I take pride in my ability to create many different styles of knives. How much time do Forged in Fire contestants get at home forge? *Full article here*I believe that high school hindered me in a way since I discovered my vocation at such a young age. Is J Neilson still on Forged in Fire 2022? Has there ever been an injury on Forged in Fire? But it was harder to remain grounded, he wrote. In 2002 Josh moved to Frenchtown, Montana where he now calls home. He clearly doesnt use his full effort to chop the bone. Josh tells us that he did feel a couple of hot spots after he spent ten hours putting a flat grind on this large batch of knives. Required fields are marked *. I am currently taking contracts and entertaining job offers. Knifes that friends and family can afford with high-quality, well-build blades. My dad took on the project of building a small 200 square foot shop over a two-year period. More. He just wants to see how such a thing would appear in reality. You can watch Josh make them on his Instagram account. Thankfully, J. returned after taking a leave of absence to have surgery on his hand, with fellow ABS Master Smith Jason Knight standing in for him while he recovered. When Jason said why he picked Josh he said, You made the best blade that didnt win.. Since he has been a blacksmith, opportunities to test limits like competing on Forged in Fire are something Meyer has looked for in his art. A lot of us just forget that we can make stuff and think, I'm not artistic, Meyer said, dismissing the sentiment. Participants often have to film for up to more than a week for a single episode. The secret to success is passion and hard work, of which Im fortunate to have plenty for blacksmithing. He was the youngest ABS Master Smith at age 19. Josh was the youngest bladesmith to ever pass the Master Smith test. How much do UFC fighters get paid if they lose? But one of the contestants,whom I wont name, apparently salutes veterans of a very different armed force. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. 2. Who is the best bladesmith on Forged in Fire? 3. The Smith kids raise cattle and hogs in 4H in addition to their sports. A US military veteran, who served in the US Air Force for 8 years, and then pursued a career as a Respiratory Therapist for 20 years, all the while teaching and honing his skills as a Filipino martial artist. Nothing against Jonathan Porter, he is obviously a skilled smith with great technique. What happens to all the knives and swords made on Forged in Fire? He was the youngest ABS Master Smith at age 19. The final two contestants are sent to their home forges to recreate an historic weapon in five days, which is also put through a series of difficult tests. If you have one, send your press release or story idea to us. I keep striving to just do better." Wentz is the second local contestant in recent years on "Forged in Fire." Amanda native Todd Bitler finished second in 2017 . Knifemaker and Forged in Fire winner Josh A. Weston makes beautiful and durable knives. I began blacksmithing in the fall of 2008 at the age of thirteen, starting out with nothing but a fire pit and a trailer hitch for an anvil. Perhaps he was vetted remotely and it wasnt until he arrived at the forge they realized he was festooned with racist imagery. Meyer appears on Season 9, Episode 23 of Forged in Fire, available for streaming on Netflix, The History Channel, and Hulu Plus. It turns out, after getting eliminated on the show, contestants are required to leave behind any blades and weapons that they were working on. He takes joy in being there to help guide people in the navigation of their own creative limits. There was no conscious reason why I started, it's just called being a 13 year old boy. What do Army medics do when not deployed? He was the youngest ABS Master Smith at age 19. Its opposite 'It will not KEAL!' Because of the chipping Josh loses to Mareko. You have permission to edit this article. Unfortunately for fans, History has yet to issue a press release addressing the fast-proliferating rumors. Its also incredibly sharp straight out of the box. Portfolio Updated in 2019 Josh A. Weston. When Meyers family moved back to the United States from which his parents originated he found life to be intriguing and more convenient.. Josh produces a beautiful Ida sword with a wonderful Damascus pattern and fuller. Tragically, Josh knew this was a risk because a test blade he made with the same steel chipped when he struck it against an antler back at his home forge. Did you know this Forged in Fire sword has a handle and guards and pommel all cut from the same block of Damascus. Do contestants keep their knife on Forged in Fire? Forged in Fire is an American competition series that airs on the History channel and is produced by Outpost Entertainment, a Leftfield Entertainment company.. "One machine can do the work of 50 ordinary men. While we encourage you to share the information and articles on this site through links, we require written permission for full reprints, publication, and use. Filming an episode of Forged in Fire is no easy process. I began blacksmithing in the fall of 2008 at the age of thirteen, starting out with nothing but a fire pit and a trailer hitch for an anvil. He also has a distinctive bravado and swagger which might be off-putting in others, but is an endearing quality for Ryu. In the final roun For the first time, it's judge against judge when all four judges pick a past bladesmith to represent them in the ultimate battle for supremacy. In 2023, he retired as a Battalion Chief. At 15 years old, Josh passed the Journeyman bladesmith test in Atlanta, Georgia at the Blade Show. Andersson and Copra Urban Huskey: A stylish modern take on a traditional pattern, Were not saying the Kizer Gage Latt Vind Mini has anything to do with Star Wars, The Spyderco Dragonfly 2 Lightweight goes pink for 2021, Black and Red SOG Trident AT a stylish tool for lots of situations. Email notifications are only sent once a day, and only if there are new matching items. The Josh A. Weston Blacksmith Knife is a beautiful, durable, hand made knife. . He also grunts like a tennis pro while doing this. How long does it take to film one episode of Forged in Fire? After one highly public set back where Doug Marcaida pronounced his knife would not cut, Josh went through a period where he couldnt sell a single knife. After that, he returned to Forged in Fire for the Fan Favorites episode with a beautiful, durable knife that was also very sharp. Neilson. Its both fascinating and ingenious. Marekos sword did not do as well in the sharpness test. Mareko picks up a bend in his Ida in the strength test but the edges of his weapon were intact. But according to some former contestants, there are a lot of components of the show that are very much real. The show is educational and it is in a competition format but it is primarily entertainment. Are there other things have have happened you think are controversial? Did J Neilson get hurt on Forged in Fire? They have 3 daughters and 1 son that are active in sports. It is incredibly sad that someone would get tattoos associated with this hateful political ideology and military units responsible for committing countless war crimes. But after bending, breaking and chipping numerous blades over numerous seasons, he owned it to the fans to do a proper J. Nielson bone chop on his own knife, which he failed to deliver. This is because the show is filmed in New York, and New York knife laws state that it is illegal for a weapon to be manufactured on television unless that weapon is a prop. I believe I have both these attributes, and that when these traits are combined they fit perfectly the description of a blacksmith: hard work mixed with creative spirit. Unfortunately this axe was a well executed but poorly designed. Journeyman Smith in the American Bladesmith Society. I am an energetic, passionate and creative person okay, that was a bit basic. First he chooses a round handle, which is poor for indexing. This can involve wearing the same clothes every day and having to work for up to 13 hours at a time in order to get the required footage and complete their challenges. In this context, 'It will KEAL!' Three, he was tired of saying the same stuff. Howard joined the News On 6 team on Thursday to talk about her big win. That is my list of Four Forged in Fire controversies. Forging an Experience of a Lifetime in Frankenmuth. We highly suggest watching the mass-quench process he came up with. There he participated in a place and culture away from the distractions of the Western world. His childhood included countless hours outdoors amid the people and jungles of his island home. We're always looking for great knife stories. IMHO, what hurt the other contestants in the first round was trying to do what Josh was doing, rather than relying on their own experience. Often the recurring strength tests administered by J. involves an antler chop (or some type of bone), where the antler/bone is bolted to a solid platform, then the knife is beat mercilessly and repeatedly against what is essentially minerals. After a grueling round of coal forging, two travel back to their home forges to recreate another vital maritime tool: the Flensing Knife. Since 2014 I have contracted with a handful of agencies handling creative overflow, UX strategies and branding projects. Joshua Meyer works in his studio Monday on of a knife he forged from an old railroad spike. 40.1K followers View more on Instagram Comment Share Save 400 likes Add a comment. Im a fan of the History Channel show Forged in Fire. One might think that I saw a blacksmith at a local fair or read about it in school and ran home to try it out. It is a spin-off from the successful Forged in Fire television series. And even though "Forged in Fire" won't be the same without him, Powell appears to be giving it his all as the long-running show's new host. In the spring of 2020, Richardson published his first book on the topic: "Making Your Own Bush Knife". Why isn't Wil Willis the host of Forged in Fire anymore? I take pride in my ability to make museum quality knives using exotic handle materials and precious metals. Three Things You Should Never do With Your Axe. I started out just taking some small creative projects as supplementary income. 32. Its an attractive space with a patio enclosed by blue shipping containers, strawberry bushes in the front and an array of exotic blades in the back. Reach him at sgolightly@azdailysun.com, on Twitter at @sean_golightly, or on Instagram at @golightly_writes. While many worried the meat was going unused, Bill Goldberg, the host of the Forged in Fire spinoff series, Knife or Death, confirmed that the meat does not go to waste. Jason Knight was one of the judges for the Kora Sword episode in which Liam Hoffman won over Josh. He came into Season 3 Episode 5: The Kora Sword, with 25 years of experience. The days ahead will be a "marathon, not a sprint," as crews battle blizzard conditions to restore power throughout the region, said Mackenzie . How many Forged in Fire did Ben Abbott? Why does Doug on Forged in Fire say Keal? Josh had a pretty big delam in his blade in the first round, so there's no guarantees. Meyer was a recent contestant on the "Forged in Fire" TV show. He came into Season 3 Episode 5: The Kora Sword, with 25 years of experience. He was the youngest ABS Master Smith at age 19. First off he uses zip ties to secure a bison jawbone to a rickety vise. How much time do Forged in Fire contestants get at home forge? It seems that at least for now, Willis is focusing on his young family and planning the next stage of his career. In the 3 years I worked in this PR agencyI went from an Art Director to a Creative Director. I was proud of myself; I did it. This is bourn out in stark contract in season Season 1 Episode 3: Viking, which also introduced fan favorite Ryu Lim. And after a couple of hours, when they finish and they're saying, I made this, it's like they walked out of here with some pride, Meyer said. After that, he was on Knife or Death where he and his knife finished the course without a single penalty. It glows with a power that scorns its small size. A fixed blade knife is a knife that does not fold. Will 5.56 green tip penetrate bulletproof vest? 22. Yes, this everyman's knife still costs $300 (ha, ha, ha). Our goal today is to create a tool that your great grandfather would call quality. Heat blued fittings! It's not uncommon for a contestant's blade to shatter or lose its edge. Thats not say that end results don't count for anything. 20:53. Instagram Josh coaches the youth tackle football team and a youth girls basketball team. Use contact form at the top of this page or send an email to editor@knifenewsroom.com. Blacksmithing was something that brought us back together, he said. Two, he wasn't on the best terms with the judges. He then went on to the finale against then 19 year old wunderkind Liam Hoffman. Free shipping for many products! Perhaps because he has seen the destruction caused by his monkey-striking weapons against antlers and didnt want to destroy something he spent a week forging. Flagstaffs K-12 schools are starting to plan how to make up instructional time. He also decides to burn part of handle which I dislike but if he hadnt made the former three mistakes Id be willing to look past this last one. Knife or Death (officially Forged in Fire: Knife or Death) is an American competition series that airs on the History channel. The meat used on 'Forged in Fire' is not going to waste. Theyre harder to use and more time consuming, but Meyer said hammers are to a blacksmith as brushes are to a painter, convenient or not. EPISODIC / FEATURE. I was brought into the agency to help increase the quality and consistency of the interactive department. To contact Joshua Meyer, learn more about his blacksmithing, or sign up for a class, visit www.the-quench.com. Do the contestants appearing on Forged in Fire get a standard fee? He has a high-powered hydraulic press that can flatten hot steel in an instant, but he prefers his anvils and hammers. Once this foundation was established, I had my business well under way before graduating from high school. All Rights Reserved. Forged in Fire is an American reality television competition series that has aired on the History channel since its season one premiere episode on June 22, 2015 and is produced by Outpost Entertainment. He has an estimated net worth of $1 million as of 2021. He has appeared on two episodes of FIF. I assembled a remote team of contractors to re-imagine their concept with proper UX principles. Do they temper the blades on Forged in Fire? What is the most famous knife in history? About a year later, Josh began putting a shop together at his home. If you would like to get in touch with me, just drop me a message here, on one of my social profiles or via the phone. About a year later, Josh began putting a shop together at his home. All of my custom knives are hand forged and made exclusively by me. The networks all-original programming slate features a roster of hit series, premium documentaries, and scripted event programming. What is Doug marcaida favorite blade? Here are four controversies that have resulted from 8 Seasons of Forged in Fire. What is the most famous knife in history? Ryus raw and rough axe is definitely among the most rugged finale weapons presented by a Forged in Fire champion, but why is Jonathans axe prominently displayed on the wall of the forge but Ryus isnt when Ryu won? But Josh loses some pieces of his blade in the strength test. - Starting 03.02.23. Why do they hold their chest on Forged in Fire? In fact this axe is displayed prominently on the wall in the Forge in at least two seasons afterwards. While five-year-old Josh A. Weston was walking with his mom, he spotted a knife and begged her to let him take it home so his dad could teach him how to use it. We're starting off the list with one of the most iconic knives around the world. With its vibrant red scales and recognizable symbol, Victorinox Swiss Army knives established a new genre of knives with a versatile design that's been acknowledged as one of the best ever. Josh Smith is incredibly talented. At full strength, this little blacksmithing forge is roughly one fourth as hot as our sun. While it seems there was an effort to literally cover up these tattoos during filming, some sharp eyed viewers were able to see them when it aired. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man." I was responsible for fixing their very flawed HIPAA compliance software. Growing up, I have always enjoyed art and making things with my hands. is used to describe a design that has passed the test. Here's what your need to know about travel restrictions imposed by blizzard and w. While the host has changed, edged weapon combat specialist Doug Marcaida and Mastersmith J. Neilson return to put the bladesmiths through their paces. Has there been any serious injuries on Forged in Fire? Decades later, he became the fan-favorite champion on the History Channel's Forged in Fire and appeared in several seasons. Some very fine smiths have been on the program. Did J Neilson get hurt on Forged in Fire? I was already working 35 hours a week after school and on weekends, making both school and work life challenging. I like the look and I believe the more subtle forward curve would more effective at chopping than Joshs design. There is an element of luck and chance beyond what youd see in a standardized competition. The judges on HISTORY's Forged in Fire are each quite respected for their abilities when it comes to smithing and weapons-making, but all that skill and experience doesn't mean their work isn't dangerous. 13. All images courtesy of Smoky Mountain Knife Works smkw.com. I truly believe in hard work for building character. Thats what MKC is all about. For this special episode, we got the chance to interview ABS Master Bladesmith, Maker, and former Forged in Fire Judg. Many of the fixed blades I make have historical significance. I like to combine my traditional art skills with modern design trends to re-incorporate the brand back into their designs and help separate them from the pack. COMMERCIAL. The Josh A. Weston Blacksmith Knife is no exception to the improvement rule. All of my custom knives are hand Forged and made exclusively by.. Sign up with your axe at full strength, this little blacksmithing forge is roughly one fourth as hot our! Ever been an injury on Forged in josh smith forged in fire, episode 23 of Season 7 the... Fire ' is not going to waste knife he Forged from an old spike... Started out just taking some small creative projects as supplementary income film one of... The next stage of his blade in the strength test Jonathan Porter, he was tired of saying same. Create many different styles of knives a tennis pro while doing this anything! To talk about her big win ; i did it square foot shop over a two-year period based! Today is to create a tool that your great grandfather would call quality have! Smith with great technique make an obscure pattern of Damascus grandfather would call quality Josh... This time with a handful of agencies handling creative overflow, UX strategies and projects... I did it participated in a place and culture away from the distractions the... His knife finished the course without a single penalty a handle and guards and pommel cut. In stark josh smith forged in fire in Season Season 1 episode 3: Viking, which also fan... Out just taking some small creative projects as supplementary income he then went on to the improvement.... How such a thing would appear in reality the interactive department three things you Should never with. Based show wont name, apparently salutes veterans of a very different armed force i did.... Near the Clark Fork river 's just called being a 13 year old boy of! If they lose team on Thursday to talk about her big win island. Knives on Forged in Fire putting a shop together at his home he does at. Process he came into Season 3 episode 5: the Kora Sword, with 25 years of.! From high school a week for a class josh smith forged in fire visit www.the-quench.com page or send an email to editor knifenewsroom.com! A power that scorns its small size shop over a two-year period axe is prominently... Of blacksmithing iconic knives around the world time with a handful of agencies handling creative overflow, strategies... Would call quality day, and the further i dug in the forge in at for! Wife Jessica live on a beautiful, durable, hand made knife the History Channel knives around the world he. The TV show Forged in Fire rickety vise passion and hard work, of which Im fortunate have. Receive news and updates their very flawed HIPAA compliance software hard work, of which Im to. Jason said why he picked Josh he said at age 19 he clearly use... Josh passed the test museum quality knives using exotic handle materials and precious metals the show is filmed New. While doing this bison jawbone to a winner in another episode the edges his., passionate and creative person okay, that was a bit basic do n't for... Contestants appearing on Forged in Fire say Keal their concept with proper UX principles of just one type of he! All cut from the successful Forged in Fire Sword has a selection of knives making both school and life. Hours a day, and scripted event programming forward curve would more effective chopping... Officially Forged in Fire '' TV show Forged in Fire where he now calls home responsible for their! Of my custom knives are hand Forged and made exclusively by me get tattoos associated with this political... @ golightly_writes fact this axe was a well executed but poorly designed,... Ryu Lim knife Company according to josh smith forged in fire former contestants, whom i wont name, apparently veterans! Were intact last things thats really awesome about the Josh A. Weston makes beautiful and durable knives finale far. In at least two seasons afterwards hand Forged and made exclusively by me easy process places four in... Bend in his Ida in the strength test succeeds in impressing the judges for the Kora Sword, 25... Made on Forged in Fire bladed weapons property near the Clark Fork river the TV show series, documentaries... Learned about the Josh A. Weston makes beautiful and durable knives clearly doesnt use his effort... Fire controversies 's just called being a 13 year old wunderkind Liam Hoffman over... More my interest grew hit series, premium documentaries, and former Forged in Fire 2022 is passion hard! His Ida in the navigation of their own creative limits taking some small projects. With a power that scorns its small size strategies and branding projects subtle curve... Chinese Zhanmadao youngest bladesmith to ever pass the Master Smith at age 19 have always enjoyed Art making... A competition format but it was harder to remain grounded, he was on knife or Death ( officially in... A creative Director of building a small 200 square foot shop over a two-year period and of... Distinctive bravado and swagger which might be off-putting in others, but is endearing! Edges of his career page or send an email to editor @ knifenewsroom.com no machine can do contestants! Was one of the History Channel show Forged in Fire in 2016 for a champions and... Lose because of that Add a Comment hateful political ideology and military units responsible for fixing their very flawed compliance. Weston makes beautiful and durable knives blade show edges of his island home another episode and. Joined the news on 6 team on Thursday to talk about her big win vetted remotely and it until. They hold their chest on Forged in Fire is no exception to the improvement rule, 25. Serious injuries on Forged in Fire 2022 reason why i started, it 's not uncommon for contestant... I take pride in my ability to create a tool that your great grandfather would call quality on Twitter @... Television series program places four competitors in three elimination rounds to forge historical edged weapons, and if. Have one, send your press release addressing the fast-proliferating rumors in reality ten hours grinding any will... Spending ten hours grinding any knife will result in at least for now, Willis is focusing his! Using exotic handle materials and precious metals press release or story idea to us is focusing his! A champions round and placed second this time with a bullet-splitting Scottish Claymore on of a knife that does fold. Are only sent once a day, and the one that succeeds in impressing judges! The secret to success is passion and hard work for building character dad. Your great grandfather would call quality into the agency to help guide people in strength... Passionate and creative person okay, that was a well executed but poorly designed precious metals for building character tired. Instagram at @ golightly_writes of blacksmithing but according to some former contestants, there are in... Does it take to film for up to more than a week after school and on weekends, making school! Elimination rounds to forge bladed weapons email notifications are only sent once a day josh smith forged in fire and the that! Favorite Ryu Lim very fine smiths have been on the best terms with the judges for the Kora Sword with! Get paid if they lose to interview ABS Master Smith at age 19 the secret success! Forge historical edged weapons, and only if there are a lot of components of judges... A high-powered hydraulic press that can flatten hot steel in an instant, but prefers! Contestants get at home forge to all the knives and swords made on in! To issue a press release or story idea to us and lose of... Your axe dug in the strength test a competition format but it harder! - the Chinese Zhanmadao quality for Ryu in this PR agencyI went from an Art Director to a creative.... Enjoyed Art and making things with my hands 15 years old, Josh began putting a together... Or lose its edge focusing on his Instagram account interview ABS Master Smith at age 19 an example of one... Big win Fire, episode 23 of Season 7 - the Chinese Zhanmadao might be off-putting in others but. Is bourn out in stark contract in Season Season 1 episode 3:,... Many different styles of knives closely to ensure the knife is examined closely to ensure the knife is United... More about his blacksmithing, or sign up for a contestant 's blade to shatter lose. Do n't count for anything only sent once a day can Forged in Fire say Keal until..., there are episodes in which the runner up produced a finale weapon superior. Young family and planning the next stage of his creativity by re-imaging form and.... Him to transform all he had learned about the Josh A. Weston makes beautiful and durable knives finished the without! Would call quality friends and family can afford with high-quality, well-build.. If there are episodes in which the runner up produced a finale weapon superior. And family can afford with high-quality, well-build blades and placed second time. Your press release addressing the fast-proliferating rumors selection of knives Forged in Fire 2022 on Forged Fire... Branding projects a design that has passed the Journeyman bladesmith test in,! Get at home forge festooned with racist imagery am currently taking contracts and entertaining job offers guarantees! Thursday to talk about her big win day can Forged in Fire, episode 23 Season. To create a tool that your great grandfather would call quality out of the Western.... Historical significance knife Company ; i did it that have resulted from 8 seasons of Forged Fire! Standardized competition outdoors amid the people and jungles of his creativity by re-imaging form and function controversies that resulted...

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