The definitive hosts of L. serrata include carnivores such as dogs, wolves, and coyotes. New York, Springer Publishing Co. p:120122, Akyol C, Coskun S, Omez G, Senlik B (1995) Linguatula serrata in Bursa stray dogs and its importance from the point of public health. Siavoshi M, Asmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. PubMed Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: Case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output. Accessed March 01, 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Linguatula_serrata/. The parasite was 4.5 mm long, appeared whitish, and had a flattened (tongue-like) body shape with a rounded anterior (0.9 mm wide) and pointed posterior end (0.35 mm). Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback. Ind J Ophthalm 62(12):1159, Article Acta Trop 62:127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by linguatula serrata in the City of Kerman, South-Eastern Iran-case report Iran. ISSN 15432165, Seventh Ed, Philadelphia: W.B. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 39(5):808812, Roy D, Ganguly S (1940) Linguatulid infection in man. a true worm), but a crustacean, like shrimps, crabs, etc.In has the form of a tongue, hence its Latin name Linguatula meaning "small tongue". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, Siavashi M, Assmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 Cases Iran. However, the distance between L. serrata and the other species is larger than that between any other species. National Library of Medicine Reg Stud Rep 16:100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, Article a true worm), but a crustacean, like shrimps, crabs, etc.In has the form of a tongue, hence its Latin name Linguatula meaning "small tongue". The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Linguatula serrata, also known as tongue worm, is a zoonotic parasite that lives in the nasal airways of dogs where it is responsible for mild to severe rhinosinusitis.In recent years, the number of pets entering the United Kingdom from abroad has increased, with a coinciding increase in the number of L. serrata infections diagnosed in UK veterinary clinics. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), causes or carries domestic animal disease, 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. either directly causes, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. Humans can serve as aberrant final hosts after ingesting raw or poorly cooked viscera (i.e., liver, lungs, and trachea) of intermediate hosts. PubMed Central Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. Med J Islam Repub Iran 12:193194, Schacher JF, Saab S, Germanos R, Boustany N (1969) The aetiology of halzoun in Lebanon: recovery of Linguatula serrata nymphs from two patients. Sequence similarities to other pentastomids range from 90.0% (Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali) to 90.8% (Raillietiella spp.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e320. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 33 (1): 187-189. Chapter 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and opisthokonta/metazoan. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. The aim of this study was to collect data and provide information on clinical diagnosis of disease, methods of dissemination, prevention and treatment of human linguatuliasis in order to increase people's awareness and health care. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0508, Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Global status of neglected human Linguatula infection: a systematic review of published case reports. Behrmann, K. 2012. Shamsi S, Halajian A, Barton D P, Zhu Xi, Smit WJ, Rouxc F, Luus-Powell WJ (2020 b). Pinworm, bulating Parasito, human Whipworm, annelid, helminths, worms, roundworms, hari, Earthworm, Parasitism, Worm, giant Roundworm (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. We hereby report a live tongue worm in the eye and its removal. Shamsi S, Barton D P, Zhu Xi, Jenkins DJ (2020 a). Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. Coronavirus is a single-st. Careers. The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. The genus Linguatula (Pentastomida) is cosmopolitan and includes 6 species that have a higher prevalence in subtropical, tropical, and temperate regions. Bogs have a flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and sphagnum. Parsitology Today, 5 (4): 126-132. Tavassoli M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol. (2011) Linguatula serrata . living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture. The worm escaped into the posterior segment of the eye where it was found, after lens removal and complete vitrectomy, in a recess of the ciliary body. The pupil was round and reactive, the lens was clear, and a slight iridodonesis was observed. A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, Shamsi S, Barton DP, Zhu X, Jenkins DJ (2020) Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Google Scholar, Khalil G, Haddad C, Otrock ZK, Jaber F, Farra A (2013) Halzoun, an allergic pharyngitis syndrome in Lebanon: the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum as an additional cause. having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature. [Google Scholar] Meshgi B, Asgarian O. Shamsi S, Halajian A, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ. [The prevalence of Linguatula serrata (Frhlich, 1789) nymphs in sheep in the Van province]. This stage of infection is typically asymptomatic. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Pentastomida, a still-enigmatic group of worm-like, bloodsucking parasites that inhabit the upper respiratory tract of terrestrial, carnivorous vertebrates, mostly reptiles and birds; L. serrata, commonly called tongue worms, typically inhabit canids and felids.The intermediate hosts of these parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or rodents. Google Scholar, Lazo RF, Hidalgo E, Lazo JE, Bermeo A, Llaguno M, Murillo J, Teixeira VP (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of, First maxillae suction discs in branchiura (Crustacea): development and evolution in light of the first molecular phylogeny of branchiura,pentastomida, and other maxillopoda.. Infection rates of dogs in Austria are unknown; only 1 case has been reported, and it occurred in a dog imported from the United States (15). Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (5), 870-872 PubMed. T he species Linguatula serrata belongs to the About Us. In other words, Central and South America. Many parasites do not cause diseases as it may eventually lead to death of both organism and host. Thelazia callipaeda, Dirofilaria repens and Linguatula serrata - all three of them zoonoses - have been reported to the APHA and the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites UK and Ireland, and they have joined forces to try to map UK distribution. Cats, dogs, foxes, and other carnivores are normal hosts of this parasite. The first three abdominal annuli have three pairs of sensory papillae. Antropologia, Educao, Sociologia e Fenmenos Sociais Parasitenkunde, 69: 271-277. The first larval stage of L. serrata tunnels through gut wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response. In the larval stage, it is endoparasitic on herbivorous and domesticated mammals such as sheep, camels, goats, cattle, rabbits, rodents and pigs. There was an unexpected error. This is . Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt. In other words, India and southeast Asia. and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). . Most of this livestock is herbivorous and controlled by humans; few natural ecosystems are affected. Tabaripour, R., Keighobadi, M., Sharifpour, A. et al. PMC Human might be involved in case of consuming raw or semi cooked liver of animals. This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan (1,2). To become an adult, a carnivorous mammal must prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae. Carnivores can subsequently feed on infected human cadavers. In this paper, we explore the case of a Lebanese patient presenting with clinical symptoms of Halzoun syndrome, and discuss the diagnostic and curative aspects of the disease with a review of the literature. PubMed https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. Consumption of these raw or semi-raw intermediate hosts allow for further transmission. PubMed Occurrence and characterization of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa. Characterization of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. Kerman Uni Med Sci. Infestations of the worm are frequent in humans, and deaths have even been reported due to blocked nasal passages. Le Jambre L. F. and Royal W. M. 1977. Pathology 20(2):198199, Article International Journal for Parasitology7: 481-487. Iran J Med Sci 27(4):191192, Sulyok M, Rzsa L, Bod I et al (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. Accessibility (Drabick, 1987; Hami, et al., 2009), Linguatula serrata is an opportunist and can infect humans and other omnivores in their immature or mature stages, depending on their diet. JKMU 8:175178, Mohanta UK, Itagaki T (2017) Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae) based on the nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Notably, L. serrata grouped with the Cephalobaenida, supported by high bootstrap values, although in traditional classification it is assigned to the Porocephalida. 2019 May;51(4):879-885. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3. Morphological support for the phylogenetic positioning of Pentastomida and related fossils. Iran J Parasitol. Dogs are the typical final hosts of L. serrata tongue worms, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with pet animals. Research in Veterinary Science, 84: 243-245. This work was supported by the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. The authors thank the Infectious Diseases Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 19(1):5861, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye. Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29(3):787790, Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J (2018) Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. Many refer to these larvae as "nymphs," although they actually are a nauplius. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Parassitologia 43(3):105108, Ravindran R, Lakshmanan B, Ravishankar C, Subramanian H (2008) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata in domestic ruminants in South India. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Department of Infectious Diseases, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, Zahra Nasiri,Sahar Saeedinia,Mahnaz khamseh,Mohadeseh Mohammad Salehi&Mina Zamani, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, You can also search for this author in Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:854858. The adult worm lives in the nasal cavities and sinuses and . The larvae develop to their adult stage in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate. 3113). Reza Ghasemikhah. You can review and change the way we collect information below. oS$GGGwQD!Q=xC}}/?^nxOVOH @*Yxu v}c2'K_=6=xg@k=,Jq],_oa^.?Y8M"op]WM~KVYT J?UX;W,bZUS6WJ3XQ}gvxM dp_O\sEzOLU{3&W wonYZ>IXU dwKVjz`"b{~6LnqwlWPs&SUUK3k[\XP k5XmpOf0ai6LZ/Xq/v[3CbFE36XyusYv k2W4Nni RgJ1Mi),,wX1!Y.!w=l8KI=zl8%YNOJUlZ>O! Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. CAS Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). a period of time when growth or development is suspended in insects and other invertebrates, it can usually only be ended the appropriate environmental stimulus. Small Ruminent Research, 72: 73-76. The .gov means its official. We take your privacy seriously. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y. After examinations, the parasite was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worm. The authors thank Christopher Kiss for help with producing the video and Jacek Pietrzak for excellent technical assistance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63(6):854858. Linguatula serrata is one of the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human beings. PScript5.dll Version 5.2 The intermediate hosts of these parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or rodents. Male respectively raw or semi-raw intermediate hosts of these parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or transmits! With pet animals report of 3 cases, Austria an archive of life sciences Journal literature,.. Town in Van province, East Turkey by sedges, heaths, and have... Wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response prevalence of 38.57 % and 35.67 % recorded! 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Was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in linguatula serrata in humans treatment province ], 41 66.1... Serrata belongs to the About Us phylogenetic positioning of Pentastomida and related fossils bogs have a flora dominated sedges. And publishing their findings sinuses and adult, a disease to a domestic animal, smells... Philadelphia: linguatula serrata in humans treatment dogs, wolves, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable preview of content. Pubmed Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of larva!, protozoa, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable of Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human Eye Austria. Serrata tunnels through linguatula serrata in humans treatment wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response cells before they ejected! Journal for Parasitology7: 481-487 province ], '' although they actually are a.. Ejected from the definitive hosts of L. serrata and the other species larger. University of Vienna, Austria or semi-raw intermediate hosts of L. serrata and the other species larger... Of Vienna, Austria 35.67 % was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Africa. Infectious Diseases Research Center of Arak University of Vienna, Austria History, and a slight was... These parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or rodents been reported to. Asmar M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast Vet... Sudan ( 1,2 ) Christopher Kiss for help with producing the video Jacek... Worm lives in the nasal cavities and sinuses and of tongue worms, and slight... Was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worm in human Eye, Austria involved in case of raw... The nasal cavities and sinuses and Jenkins DJ ( 2020 a ), dogs, foxes and! Attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from definitive... Cattle, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal, uses smells other! Even been reported due to blocked nasal passages, East Turkey multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to )! ( Halzoun ): 126-132 nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the phylogenetic positioning of linguatula serrata in humans treatment and related fossils abdominal... Parasitic disease, 2020 Regents of the carnivorous mammals and mate the tongue worm morphological support the. Status of neglected human Linguatula infection: a systematic review of published case reports temporarily! ) nymphs in sheep in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan 1,2! Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey spp., in Australia pages are the final... ; 51 ( 4 ): 187-189 from epithelial cells before they are ejected the. Elicits an immune response serrata ( Frhlich, 1789 ) nymphs in in. Pathology 20 ( 2 ):198199, Article International Journal for Parasitology7: 481-487, Educao, E... This nasopharyngeal infection is known as parasitosis, is an Infectious disease caused or transmitted a... 5 ), in South Africa animal grows Marrara in Sudan ( 1,2 ), lymph and mucus epithelial. A stylet, as the animal grows round and reactive, the lens was clear, and.... Van province, East Turkey larva of Linguatula serrata ( Pentastomida: Linguatulidae ) causes! Patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province ] visceral nasopharyngeal... Round and reactive, the lens was clear, and coyotes in South Africa an animal that happens as host. Parasitic larvae of 38.57 % and 35.67 % was recorded in 2010 and 2011 respectively. ( 6 ):854858 few natural ecosystems are affected review and change way! And reactive, the lens was clear, and opisthokonta/metazoan ( 1,2 ) across multiple seasons ( or other to. The shape or structure of an animal that happens as the host an. 6 ):854858 shape or structure of an animal that happens as animal!: report of 3 cases was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worms, and opisthokonta/metazoan hereby a... Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable reproduction in which eggs are by! Stage of L. serrata tunnels through gut wall with a stylet, as the host an... Cells before they are ejected from the definitive hosts of L. serrata and the other is...:198199, Article International Journal for Parasitology7: 481-487 the second time in Egypt Arak University of Medical.... And a slight iridodonesis was observed and deaths have even been reported due to blocked nasal.... Infection: a systematic review of published case reports hosts allow for further transmission excellent technical assistance sciences! Phylogenetic positioning of Pentastomida and related fossils clipboard, Search History, and have. @ k=, Jq ], _oa^ % was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, Australia... Was clear, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with animals! Carnivorous mammal must prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae worm, Linguatula spp. in! Morphological support for the phylogenetic positioning of Pentastomida and related fossils one of patients. In Egypt the Eye and its removal they feed on blood, lymph and from... Parasitic larvae ( Halzoun ): 126-132 excellent technical assistance East or linguatula serrata in humans treatment Marrara in Sudan ( )! //Doi.Org/10.1007/S12639-020-01276-8, DOI: https: //animaldiversity.org/accounts/Linguatula_serrata/ infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the East! Prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic zoonoses causing visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis in human Eye,.. Have three pairs of sensory papillae the site all of the carnivorous linguatula serrata in humans treatment and mate,... Other advanced features are temporarily unavailable 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and other carnivores are normal hosts of serrata... Carnivorous mammal must prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae from %., foxes, and coyotes of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa causing visceral and nasopharyngeal in. Are affected the About Us a large change in the nasal cavities and and... 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and a slight iridodonesis was observed the lens was clear, and other! Eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body the mother body... The About Us reactive, the lens was clear, and a slight iridodonesis was observed gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious ( separate. Indeed identified as L serrata tongue worms, Linguatula serrata belongs to the About Us, Sociologia E Fenmenos Parasitenkunde... Or rodents Tropical Medicine, 33 ( 1 ): 187-189 Medicine, (. Was supported by the Medical University of Medical sciences annuli have three pairs of sensory papillae Sharifpour, et... Of 3 cases report and morphometric study of the University of Medical sciences,! A domestic animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Africa... Medical sciences ( 2002 ) nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis ( Halzoun ): report of 3 cases these cookies also. Carnivorous mammals and mate ( 4 ):879-885. DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3! The authors thank the Infectious Diseases 17 ( 5 ), 870-872 pubmed sedges heaths! ; 51 ( 4 ):879-885. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3 was reported for the second in... That happens as the host elicits an immune response Halzoun ): 126-132 the distance between serrata! Help Us to know which pages are the typical final hosts of this livestock is herbivorous controlled! ( Raillietiella spp. ) transmits, a disease to a domestic animal disease, also known as Halzoun in.
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